If you’ve experienced breathing difficulties, hives, or digestive issues after enjoying a glass of wine, you might be wondering if sulfites are to blame. The relationship between sulfites and wine allergies is complex, and the good news is that having a sulfite sensitivity doesn’t necessarily mean you have to give up wine entirely. True sulfite allergies affect only about 1 percent of the general population, though this number rises to 4-5 percent among people with asthma. Understanding your specific sensitivity level and knowing which wines to choose can help you continue enjoying wine safely while managing your symptoms effectively.
Understanding Sulfite Allergies vs. Sensitivity
What Are Sulfites and Why Are They in Wine?
Sulfites are chemical preservatives used to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage in foods and beverages. In wine, they serve as anti-oxidants and anti-bacterial agents, keeping your wine fresh as it ages. Importantly, sulfites occur naturally during fermentation, so even wines labeled “no sulfites added” may still contain trace amounts.
Recognizing True Sulfite Allergy Symptoms
Genuine sulfite allergic reactions typically begin with tingling, redness, itching, and a swollen tongue, potentially progressing to more severe symptoms. Common symptoms include breathing difficulties such as asthma, bronchospasm, and coughing, along with itching and hives, particularly on the face and hands. Gastrointestinal disorders, including abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea, are also frequent, as are headaches, fatigue, and skin redness. Most reactions are mild, though severe cases can lead to anaphylaxis.
Wine Options for Sulfite-Sensitive Individuals
Wine (Image via Getty)Low-Sulfite and Sulfite-Free Wine Choices
Several wineries produce wines with minimal sulfite content. For red wines, excellent options include Coturri Winery’s Carignane from Sonoma Valley, which uses no pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, or added sulfites. Domaine Marcel LaPierre Morgon Beaujolais pioneered the natural wine movement and continues producing NSA (no sulfites added) wines. Badger Mountain in Washington’s Columbia Valley offers organic cabernet sauvignon, pinot noir, and merlot.
White wine options include Frey Vineyards, America’s first completely organic, gluten-free, and vegan winery, producing fruity chardonnays and dry pinots. Stellar Winery from South Africa offers organic and vegan sauvignon blanc and chardonnay. For rosé lovers, Domaine d’Anglas produces organic rosé using the grapes’ own yeast in fermentation.
Reading Wine Labels Effectively
In the United States, wines containing 10 or more parts per million of sulfites must display “contains sulfites” on the label. Look for bottles marked “NSA” (no sulfites added) or those with certified organic labels, which indicate wines made without added sulfites. However, remember that wines labeled “made with organic grapes” can still contain added sulfites.
Managing Your Wine Consumption Safely
Testing and Professional Guidance
If you suspect sulfite sensitivity, consult an allergist for proper testing through blood tests, skin tests, or oral challenge tests. This professional assessment will help determine your specific sensitivity level and safe consumption thresholds.
Practical Tips for Wine Enjoyment
Choose younger wines (under 18 months old) and local options when possible, as they typically contain fewer sulfites. Consider that white wines generally contain more sulfites than red wines due to tannins in red wine acting as natural preservatives. Start with small amounts to test your tolerance, and keep antihistamines or prescribed medications readily available.
Remember that many wine headaches are actually caused by tannins rather than sulfites, so don’t automatically assume sulfites are the culprit. With proper knowledge and careful selection, you can likely continue enjoying wine while managing your sulfite sensitivity effectively.
